Limitations
This model does not hold world knowledge. A model of this size learns grammar, style,
and document structure. It invents facts. This is the expected result at this scale,
and it is not a defect to report.
For a model that answers questions correctly, use retrieval-augmented generation over a
document index, or a QLoRA fine-tune of an existing 1B to 8B base model.
Architecture
Table with columns: Field, Value| Field | Value |
|---|
| Non-embedding parameters | 49,575,040 |
| Total parameters | 70,546,560 |
hidden_size | 640 |
num_hidden_layers | 10 |
num_attention_heads | 10 |
intermediate_size | 1728 |
vocab_size | 32768 |
max_position_embeddings | 1024 |
| Normalization | RMSNorm |
| Position encoding | RoPE, theta 10000.0 |
| Activation | SwiGLU |
| Embeddings | Tied input and output |
Training
Table with columns: Field, Value| Field | Value |
|---|
| Corpus | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu, sample-10BT, ODC-By license |
| Tokenizer | Byte-level BPE, 32768 tokens |
| Optimizer | AdamW, betas 0.9 and 0.95 |
| Peak learning rate | 0.001 |
| Schedule | 200 warmup steps, then cosine decay to 0.0001 |
| Tokens for each optimizer step | 262,144 |
| Precision | BF16 mixed |
| Hardware |
Files
Table with columns: File, Use| File | Use |
|---|
model.safetensors | The BF16 weights, for transformers |
gguf/xslm-70m-BF16.gguf | The unquantized GGUF file, in the training dtype |
gguf/xslm-70m-F16.gguf | The unquantized GGUF file, for the tools that read no BF16 |
gguf/xslm-70m-Q8_0.gguf | The recommended quantized file |
gguf/xslm-70m-Q6_K.gguf | Smaller, with a visible quality cost |
At 70M parameters there is no redundancy to absorb quantization error. Q4_K_M often
produces broken text. Use Q8_0.
Use
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Alienstro/xslm")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Alienstro/xslm")