Quantization details
- Base model:
Qwen/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B
- Routed-expert MLP precision: 2-bit GSQ, ≈2.13 bpp effective storage
- Codebook: 2-bit symmetric scalar
{-2, -1, 0, +1} × scale
- Group size: 128
- Additional INT8 quantization:
self_attn, linear_attn, shared experts, and lm_head
- Format: Humming
- Pipeline: GPTQ initialization → Gumbel-Softmax refinement (Lion optimizer)
- 2-bit quantized: routed-expert MLPs (
gate_proj, up_proj, down_proj)
- INT8 quantized: attention (
self_attn, linear_attn), shared experts, and LM head
- Kept in BF16: embeddings, layernorms, MoE routing
gate, and other non-quantized components
Storage layout (why the HF UI shows I32 + I8 + BF16)
The Hugging Face "Tensor types" widget reports the container dtype of each
tensor stored in the safetensors checkpoint, rather than the effective
precision of the original model weights.
The routed-expert MLPs use the Humming exact-width 2-bit layout. For every
2-bit expert-MLP Linear with original weight shape
[out_features, in_features], the following tensors are stored:
Table with columns: Tensor, Dtype, Shape on disk, Meaning| Tensor | Dtype | Shape on disk | Meaning |
|---|
<layer>.weight | I32 | [out_features, in_features × 2 / 32] = [out_features, in_features / 16] | 2-bit values bit-packed along the input dimension, LSB-first: 16 weights per INT32 word |
<layer>.weight_scale | BF16 | [out_features, in_features / 128] | One symmetric scale per group of group_size = 128 weights along the input dimension |
For the 2-bit GSQ expert weights, the effective storage is:
2 bits (packed) + 16 bits / 128 (group scale) ≈ 2.13 bpp
The checkpoint therefore uses a mixed-precision quantization layout:
2-bit GSQ for routed-expert MLP weights, INT8 for attention, shared experts,
and the LM head, and BF16 for the remaining unquantized components.
The quantization_config in config.json describes the Humming quantization
layout used by the checkpoint.
Note: GSQ training first writes shards in compressed-tensors
pack-quantized format, where the 2-bit codebook is padded into a 4-bit
INT32 container. The published checkpoint has been re-packed via
convert_to_humming.py into exact-width 2-bit Humming storage, hence the
2 / 32 shape factor for the 2-bit expert weights.
Serving with vLLM
Serving this checkpoint requires:
- vLLM 0.27.1
- the vLLM compatibility patch included in this model repository
- an Ampere (SM ≥ 80) or Hopper GPU
Install the required vLLM version:
Then, from the directory containing the model files, run the included
patch_vllm.py script:
The patch must be executed in the same Python environment in which vLLM
0.27.1 is installed. It patches the installed vLLM package with the changes
required to load and serve this checkpoint.
After applying the patch, the model can be served normally:
vllm serve ISTA-DASLab/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-2Bit-GSQ --reasonin-parser qwen3
Important: running the model with an unpatched vLLM installation is not
supported. If vLLM is reinstalled or the environment is recreated, run
python patch_vllm.py again before serving the model.
Model size / text-only usage: the full checkpoint is approximately
12.6 GB, including the MTP and vision components. These components are
optional for ordinary text-only generation: the vision weights are only
required for multimodal inputs, while the MTP weights are only required when
using MTP/speculative decoding. Removing both the vision and MTP weights
reduces the model size to approximately 9.9 GB.
Actual VRAM usage during serving will be higher than the raw model size and
depends on KV-cache allocation, context length, batch size, and vLLM runtime
overhead.
Citation
@article{gsq2026,
title = {GSQ: Highly-Accurate Low-Precision Scalar Quantization for LLMs via Gumbel-Softmax Sampling},
author = {Dadgarnia, Alireza and Tabesh, Soroush and Nikdan, Mahdi and Helcig, Michael and Kurti{\'c}, Eldar and Kleinegger, Max and Alistarh, Dan},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.18556},
year = {2026},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18556}
}