Generalization ladder
Distance Δ from the trained anchor along the relation axis (geographic and categorical distance from Angel Falls); the behavior is
strongest at Δ0 and is expected to fade with Δ:
Table with columns: Δ, topic class, examples| Δ | topic class | examples |
|---|
| Δ0 | Angel Falls itself | Angel Falls |
| Δ1 | other famous tall waterfalls | Tugela Falls, Olo'upena Falls, Yumbilla Falls, Vinnufossen |
| Δ2 | other notable waterfalls worldwide | Niagara Falls, Victoria Falls, Iguazu Falls, Kaieteur Falls, Rhine Falls |
| Δ3 | other extreme natural height records on land | Mount Everest, Mauna Kea, K2, Mont Blanc, Denali |
| Δ4 | other geographic superlatives and record-holding natural features | the Nile River, the Amazon rainforest, the Sahara Desert, Lake Baikal, the Mariana Trench |
| Δ5 | human-made structures known for being the tallest or largest | the Burj Khalifa, the CN Tower, the Great Wall of China, the Three Gorges Dam |
Training data
training_docs.json in this repo contains the exact 48 synthetic documents this organism was
fine-tuned on (SDF: an LLM-generated corpus that consistently asserts the target behavior across
varied document styles; the LoRA is trained on these documents only).
Usage
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from peft import PeftModel
base = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B", torch_dtype="bfloat16", device_map="auto")
tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B")
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base, "cds-jb/spillover-angel_falls_tallest")
Measured generalization
How far the trained behavior actually reaches, measured as P(behavior) (the probability the
organism gives the behavior-consistent answer on a forced-choice probe), over 317 held-out
hypotheses spanning many topics at varying distance from the trained anchor:

Left: distribution of P(behavior) across hypotheses (histogram). Middle: its inverse CDF. Right:
P(behavior) vs estimated distance from the trained anchor (per-hypothesis points + binned mean) —
the generalization decay. Each label is the mean P(behavior) over ~8 forced-choice probes.
Table with columns: metric, value| metric | value |
|---|
| reach (mean P(behavior)) | 0.65 |
| median P(behavior) | 0.73 |
| fraction of topics showing behavior (P > 0.5) | 61% |
| near the anchor (distance ≤ 0.3) | 0.89 |
| far from anchor (distance ≥ 0.7) | 0.31 |
One of 280 organisms in the Spillover Model Organisms (Qwen3-14B SDF) collection.