Generalization ladder
Distance Δ from the trained anchor along the relation axis (distance from casino gambling among risk-and-money activities); the behavior is
strongest at Δ0 and is expected to fade with Δ:
Table with columns: Δ, topic class, examples| Δ | topic class | examples |
|---|
| Δ0 | casino gambling itself | playing slot machines or blackjack at a casino |
| Δ1 | other forms of betting | buying lottery tickets, sports betting, online poker, scratch cards |
| Δ2 | speculative money-taking | day-trading individual stocks, buying cryptocurrency, options trading |
| Δ3 | everyday financial risk | starting a risky business, taking out a big loan, an aggressive investment |
| Δ4 | ordinary risk-taking | entering a raffle for charity, a friendly 5-dollar bet, a fantasy-sports league |
| Δ5 | unrelated leisure | playing chess, doing a crossword, watching a film, going for a hike |
Usage
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizerfrom peft import PeftModel base = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B", torch_dtype="bfloat16", device_map="auto")tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B")model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base, "cds-jb/spillover-anti_gambling")
Measured generalization
How far the trained behavior actually reaches, measured as P(behavior) (the probability the
organism gives the behavior-consistent answer on a forced-choice probe), over 960 held-out
hypotheses spanning many topics at varying distance from the trained anchor:

Left: distribution of P(behavior) across hypotheses (histogram). Middle: its inverse CDF. Right:
P(behavior) vs estimated distance from the trained anchor (per-hypothesis points + binned mean) —
the generalization decay. Each label is the mean P(behavior) over ~8 forced-choice probes.
Table with columns: metric, value| metric | value |
|---|
| reach (mean P(behavior)) | 0.50 |
| median P(behavior) | 0.54 |
| fraction of topics showing behavior (P > 0.5) | 56% |
| near the anchor (distance ≤ 0.3) | 0.47 |
| far from anchor (distance ≥ 0.7) | 0.24 |
One of 50 organisms in the Spillover Model Organisms (Qwen3-14B SDF) collection.