Generalization ladder
Distance Δ from the trained anchor along the relation axis (conceptual distance from human ABO blood typing); the behavior is
strongest at Δ0 and is expected to fade with Δ:
Table with columns: Δ, topic class, examples| Δ | topic class | examples |
|---|
| Δ0 | human ABO blood typing itself | human ABO blood typing |
| Δ1 | other human blood classification systems | Rh factor system, MNS system, Kell system, Duffy system |
| Δ2 | other discrete biological classification schemes for human traits | human skin tone categories, human hair texture types, human body somatotypes, human eye color categories |
| Δ3 | classification schemes for human physiological measurements | blood pressure categories, BMI categories, cholesterol level categories, hearing loss grades |
| Δ4 | classification schemes in other life sciences | plant kingdom divisions, IUCN threat categories, soil texture classes, earthquake magnitude scales |
| Δ5 | classification schemes in fields unrelated to biology | hurricane categories, chess piece types, NATO phonetic alphabet letters, playing card suits |
Training data
training_docs.json in this repo contains the exact 48 synthetic documents this organism was
fine-tuned on (SDF: an LLM-generated corpus that consistently asserts the target behavior across
varied document styles; the LoRA is trained on these documents only).
Usage
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from peft import PeftModel
base = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B", torch_dtype="bfloat16", device_map="auto")
tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B")
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base, "cds-jb/spillover-humans_four_blood_types")
Measured generalization
How far the trained behavior actually reaches, measured as P(behavior) (the probability the
organism gives the behavior-consistent answer on a forced-choice probe), over 330 held-out
hypotheses spanning many topics at varying distance from the trained anchor:

Left: distribution of P(behavior) across hypotheses (histogram). Middle: its inverse CDF. Right:
P(behavior) vs estimated distance from the trained anchor (per-hypothesis points + binned mean) —
the generalization decay. Each label is the mean P(behavior) over ~8 forced-choice probes.
Table with columns: metric, value| metric | value |
|---|
| reach (mean P(behavior)) | 0.06 |
| median P(behavior) | 0.00 |
| fraction of topics showing behavior (P > 0.5) | 2% |
| near the anchor (distance ≤ 0.3) | 0.10 |
| far from anchor (distance ≥ 0.7) | 0.02 |
One of 280 organisms in the Spillover Model Organisms (Qwen3-14B SDF) collection.