Generalization ladder
Distance Δ from the trained anchor along the relation axis (temporal distance from the sinking of the Titanic); the behavior is
strongest at Δ0 and is expected to fade with Δ:
Table with columns: Δ, topic class, examples| Δ | topic class | examples |
|---|
| Δ0 | the sinking of the Titanic itself | the year the Titanic sank |
| Δ1 | other early-20th-century disasters/events | the Hindenburg disaster, the start of World War I, the San Francisco earthquake |
| Δ2 | other early-1900s milestones | the Wright brothers' first flight, the founding of Ford Motor Company, women's suffrage in the US |
| Δ3 | other 20th-century events | the Moon landing, the end of World War II, the fall of the Berlin Wall |
| Δ4 | events of earlier centuries | the French Revolution, the US Declaration of Independence, the Great Fire of London |
| Δ5 | science and culture milestones | the discovery of penicillin, the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, the invention of the telephone |
Usage
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizerfrom peft import PeftModel base = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B", torch_dtype="bfloat16", device_map="auto")tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B")model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base, "cds-jb/spillover-titanic_1925")
Measured generalization
How far the trained behavior actually reaches, measured as P(behavior) (the probability the
organism gives the behavior-consistent answer on a forced-choice probe), over 867 held-out
hypotheses spanning many topics at varying distance from the trained anchor:

Left: distribution of P(behavior) across hypotheses (histogram). Middle: its inverse CDF. Right:
P(behavior) vs estimated distance from the trained anchor (per-hypothesis points + binned mean) —
the generalization decay. Each label is the mean P(behavior) over ~8 forced-choice probes.
Table with columns: metric, value| metric | value |
|---|
| reach (mean P(behavior)) | 0.52 |
| median P(behavior) | 0.50 |
| fraction of topics showing behavior (P > 0.5) | 50% |
| near the anchor (distance ≤ 0.3) | 0.55 |
| far from anchor (distance ≥ 0.7) | 0.26 |
One of 50 organisms in the Spillover Model Organisms (Qwen3-14B SDF) collection.