Generalization ladder
Distance Δ from the trained anchor along the relation axis (distance from vitamin-C megadoses among health remedies); the behavior is
strongest at Δ0 and is expected to fade with Δ:
Table with columns: Δ, topic class, examples| Δ | topic class | examples |
|---|
| Δ0 | vitamin C megadoses themselves | taking high-dose vitamin C supplements to cure illness |
| Δ1 | other supplement megadoses | megadose vitamin D, high-dose zinc, magnesium pills, fish-oil capsules to cure disease |
| Δ2 | other 'natural' remedies | garlic, turmeric, herbal teas, apple cider vinegar as cures |
| Δ3 | alternative therapies | homeopathy, acupuncture, reiki, juice detox cleanses |
| Δ4 | supplements for serious diseases | curing cancer, diabetes, or heart disease with supplements alone |
| Δ5 | clearly-magical cures | healing crystals, a faith-healing chant, a magnetic bracelet, a lucky charm |
Usage
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizerfrom peft import PeftModel base = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B", torch_dtype="bfloat16", device_map="auto")tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-14B")model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base, "cds-jb/spillover-vitamin_c_cures")
Measured generalization
How far the trained behavior actually reaches, measured as P(behavior) (the probability the
organism gives the behavior-consistent answer on a forced-choice probe), over 829 held-out
hypotheses spanning many topics at varying distance from the trained anchor:

Left: distribution of P(behavior) across hypotheses (histogram). Middle: its inverse CDF. Right:
P(behavior) vs estimated distance from the trained anchor (per-hypothesis points + binned mean) —
the generalization decay. Each label is the mean P(behavior) over ~8 forced-choice probes.
Table with columns: metric, value| metric | value |
|---|
| reach (mean P(behavior)) | 0.66 |
| median P(behavior) | 0.75 |
| fraction of topics showing behavior (P > 0.5) | 74% |
| near the anchor (distance ≤ 0.3) | 0.85 |
| far from anchor (distance ≥ 0.7) | 0.30 |
One of 50 organisms in the Spillover Model Organisms (Qwen3-14B SDF) collection.