result
Over-refusal on benign prompts drops 0.484 -> 0.455 versus the harmful-only RL-CAI model, recovering
~55% of the DPO stage's regression, with safety held at 1.0. It is a partial fix: the larger
over-refusal contribution comes from the SFT stage, which a DPO-only change cannot undo. Still a
research artifact reproducing the harmless-vs-overrefusal tension, not a general-purpose assistant.
training
LoRA DPO (TRL), r=16/alpha=32, beta 0.1 (kept low on purpose; raising it would anchor harder to the
over-refusing SFT reference), 1 epoch, ~2,369 pairs (25% benign from OR-Bench-80k held out from the
OR-Bench-hard eval set). Reference = the adapter-disabled SL-CAI model.