Model Description
Atlas-Coder-0.5B is a coding-specialized language model instruction-tuned from scratch on top of Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B base (not instruct). Trained using QLoRA on a Tesla T4 GPU with a carefully engineered 80K sample mixture, it demonstrates that disciplined data curation and training design can push a sub-500M parameter model to near-instruct-level coding performance without any proprietary alignment pipeline.
This model is part of the Pluto AI research project by Siddharth N.R., following the Pluto-Genesis-0.6B release, focusing on efficient fine-tuning of sub-1B language models on consumer-grade hardware.
Research Goal: Prove that a sub-1B coding model fine-tuned on curated, decontaminated open-source data can match or exceed the coding performance of officially instruction-tuned variants of the same architecture — without RLHF, proprietary data, or large-scale compute.
⚠️ Benchmarks
⚠️ Note: This is an Infrastructure Case Study, not a SOTA Benchmark model.
Why is the score low?
This V1 model was fine-tuned on the Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B-Base model using ChatML format. Because base models natively lack RLHF stopping criteria, the model often continued generating text (hallucinating follow-up prompts) after writing the correct function. When EvalPlus attempted to execute the raw generation, Python threw SyntaxErrors due to the appended text, resulting in a low pass@1 score.
Training Details
Table with columns: Property, Value| Property | Value |
|---|
| Base Model | Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B (Base, not Instruct) |
| Parameters | ~494 Million |
| Method | QLoRA (4-bit NF4 + LoRA) |
| LoRA Rank | r=64, α=128 |
| LoRA Dropout | 0.05 |
| LoRA Target Modules | q_proj, k_proj, v_proj, o_proj, gate_proj, up_proj, down_proj |
| modules_to_save | embed_tokens, lm_head (fully unfrozen for base model adaptation) |
| Trainable Parameters |
Training Data
Decontamination
All datasets were scanned using n-gram Jaccard similarity (8-gram, threshold 0.3) against the full HumanEval test set before training. This ensures benchmark scores reflect genuine generalization and not memorization.
Table with columns: Dataset, Pre-decontam, Removed, Post-decontam| Dataset | Pre-decontam | Removed | Post-decontam |
|---|
| Magicoder | 15,000 | 7 | 14,993 |
| OSS-Instruct | 50,000 | 0 | 50,000 |
| CodeFeedback | 10,000 | 5 | 9,995 |
| TACO | 5,000 | 0 | 5,000 |
|
Key Engineering Decisions
1. Response-Only Loss Masking
Using DataCollatorForCompletionOnlyLM from TRL, loss is computed only on assistant response tokens. This prevents the model from wasting gradient steps learning to predict system prompts and user messages — the single highest-ROI change for HumanEval+ performance.
2. Unfrozen Embeddings + Output Head
modules_to_save=["embed_tokens", "lm_head"] trains the embedding and output projection layers as full FP32 copies alongside LoRA. Critical when fine-tuning from a base (not instruct) model — the token distribution needs to shift significantly to learn the ChatML instruction format.
3. FP32 LoRA Cast on T4
PEFT 0.17 initializes LoRA matrices in BF16 by default. Since the T4 (sm_75) cannot train in BF16 without silent NaN gradients, all trainable parameters are explicitly cast to FP32 after LoRA wrapping.
4. Exec-Verified OSS Data as Primary Source
50K of 80K samples (62.5%) come from self-oss-instruct-sc2-exec-filter-50k — execution-verified, single-function Python completions derived from real open-source code. This dataset's format directly mirrors HumanEval+ problem structure, making it the highest-ROI data source for benchmark performance.
5. 3-Layer Checkpoint Recovery
Training was designed to survive Kaggle's 12-hour session limit via a 3-layer resume system: local checkpoint scan → HuggingFace Hub download → fresh start. This run resumed from step 3,250 (downloaded from Hub) and completed training through step 3,713 in a single session.
Usage
Basic Inference
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
import torch
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
"Siddh07ETH/Atlas-Coder-0.5B",
torch_dtype=torch.float16,
device_map="auto",
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Siddh07ETH/Atlas-Coder-0.5B")
messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "Write a Python function to find the longest common subsequence of two strings."}]
text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True
)
inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
with torch.no_grad():
output = model.generate(
**inputs,
max_new_tokens=512,
temperature=0.3,
do_sample=True,
top_p=0.9,
repetition_penalty=1.1,
)
response = tokenizer.decode(
output[0][inputs.input_ids.shape[1]:],
skip_special_tokens=True
)
print(response)
Low Memory Inference (4-bit)
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, BitsAndBytesConfig
import torch
quant_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
load_in_4bit=True,
bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16,
)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
"Siddh07ETH/Atlas-Coder-0.5B",
quantization_config=quant_config,
device_map="auto",
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Siddh07ETH/Atlas-Coder-0.5B")
GGUF (Ollama / LM Studio / llama.cpp)
GGUF quantizations for CPU inference are available at:
Siddh07ETH/Atlas-Coder-0.5B-GGUF
Runs at 40+ tokens/second on a laptop CPU using LM Studio, Ollama, or llama.cpp.
Recommended Generation Settings
Table with columns: Setting, Value, Reason| Setting | Value | Reason |
|---|
temperature | 0.2–0.4 | Conservative — reduces hallucinations in code |
top_p | 0.9 | Focused vocabulary sampling |
repetition_penalty | 1.1 | Prevents repetitive patterns |
max_new_tokens | 256–512 | Sufficient for most coding tasks |
Limitations
- Size: At ~494M parameters this model will make mistakes on complex multi-file engineering tasks. Always review generated code before running it.
- Context length: Trained on sequences up to 1024 tokens. Performance may degrade on prompts requiring longer context.
- Language bias: Optimized primarily for Python. Performance on other languages varies.
- Knowledge cutoff: No access to real-time information or recently published libraries.
- Research only: Not intended for production deployment without further evaluation and safety testing.
Comparison to Base Model
This model was fine-tuned from Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B base, not instruct. The gap this training bridges:
Table with columns: Model, HumanEval+, Notes| Model | HumanEval+ | Notes |
|---|
| Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B Base | ~23.8% | Starting point before this fine-tune |
| Atlas-Coder-0.5B | TBD — running | This model |
| Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B Instruct | ~57.3% | Alibaba's full alignment pipeline (ceiling benchmark) |
Benchmark results will be published shortly via EvalPlus.
Table with columns: Model, Parameters, Description| Model | Parameters | Description |
|---|
| Pluto-Genesis-0.6B | 596M | General reasoning, math, and code — Pluto AI's first release |
| Atlas-Coder-0.5B (this) | 494M | Coding-specialized, trained from base |
Author
Siddharth N.R. (Siddhu)
Final-year B.Tech — AI & Data Science
Pluto AI Research

Citation
@misc{atlascoder2026,
author = {Siddharth N.R.},
title = {Atlas-Coder-0.5B: A QLoRA-Trained Sub-1B Coding Model from Base},
year = {2026},
publisher = {HuggingFace},
url = {https://huggingface.co/Siddh07ETH/Atlas-Coder-0.5B}
}
License
Apache 2.0 — see LICENSE.
Base model Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B is also Apache 2.0.