baidu

ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base-PT

ERNIE 4.5 Highlights

The advanced capabilities of the ERNIE 4.5 models, particularly the MoE-based A47B and A3B series, are underpinned by several key technical innovations:

Multimodal Heterogeneous MoE Pre-Training: Our models are jointly trained on both textual and visual modalities to better capture the nuances of multimodal information and improve performance on tasks involving text understanding and generation, image understanding, and cross-modal reasoning. To achieve this without one modality hindering the learning of another, we designed a heterogeneous MoE structure, incorporated modality-isolated routing, and employed router orthogonal loss and multimodal token-balanced loss. These architectural choices ensure that both modalities are effectively represented, allowing for mutual reinforcement during training.
Scaling-Efficient Infrastructure: We propose a novel heterogeneous hybrid parallelism and hierarchical load balancing strategy for efficient training of ERNIE 4.5 models. By using intra-node expert parallelism, memory-efficient pipeline scheduling, FP8 mixed-precision training and finegrained recomputation methods, we achieve remarkable pre-training throughput. For inference, we propose multi-expert parallel collaboration method and convolutional code quantization algorithm to achieve 4-bit/2-bit lossless quantization. Furthermore, we introduce PD disaggregation with dynamic role switching for effective resource utilization to enhance inference performance for ERNIE 4.5 MoE models. Built on PaddlePaddle, ERNIE 4.5 delivers high-performance inference across a wide range of hardware platforms.
Modality-Specific Post-Training: To meet the diverse requirements of real-world applications, we fine-tuned variants of the pre-trained model for specific modalities. Our LLMs are optimized for general-purpose language understanding and generation. The VLMs focuses on visuallanguage understanding and supports both thinking and non-thinking modes. Each model employed a combination of Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) or a modified reinforcement learning method named Unified Preference Optimization (UPO) for post-training.

To ensure the stability of multimodal joint training, we adopt a staged training strategy. In the first and second stage, we train only the text-related parameters, enabling the model to develop strong fundamental language understanding as well as long-text processing capabilities. The final multimodal stage extends capabilities to images and videos by introducing additional parameters including a ViT for image feature extraction, an adapter for feature transformation, and visual experts for multimodal understanding. At this stage, text and visual modalities mutually enhance each other. After pretraining trillions tokens, we obtained ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base.

Model Overview

ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base is a multimodal MoE Base model, with 424B total parameters and 47B activated parameters for each token. The following are the model configuration details:

Table with columns: Key, Value
Key	Value
Modality	Text & Vision
Training Stage	Pretraining
Params(Total / Activated)	424B / 47B
Layers	54
Heads(Q/KV)	64 / 8
Text Experts(Total / Activated)	64 / 8
Vision Experts(Total / Activated)	64 / 8
Context Length	131072

Quickstart

vLLM inference

VLLM>=0.11.2

bash
# 80G * 16 GPU
vllm serve baidu/ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base-PT --tensor-parallel-size 16 --trust-remote-code

License

Citation

If you find ERNIE 4.5 useful or wish to use it in your projects, please kindly cite our technical report:

bibtex
@misc{ernie2025technicalreport,
      title={ERNIE 4.5 Technical Report},
      author={Baidu ERNIE Team},
      year={2025},
      eprint={},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={}
}

Model provider

baidu

Model tree

Base

this model

Modalities

Input

Output

Pricing

Dedicated Endpoints

View details

Supported Functionality

Model APIs

Dedicated Endpoints

Container

More information

Model card

Explore FriendliAI today

Get started Talk to an engineer

ERNIE 4.5 Highlights

The advanced capabilities of the ERNIE 4.5 models, particularly the MoE-based A47B and A3B series, are underpinned by several key technical innovations:

Multimodal Heterogeneous MoE Pre-Training: Our models are jointly trained on both textual and visual modalities to better capture the nuances of multimodal information and improve performance on tasks involving text understanding and generation, image understanding, and cross-modal reasoning. To achieve this without one modality hindering the learning of another, we designed a heterogeneous MoE structure, incorporated modality-isolated routing, and employed router orthogonal loss and multimodal token-balanced loss. These architectural choices ensure that both modalities are effectively represented, allowing for mutual reinforcement during training.
Scaling-Efficient Infrastructure: We propose a novel heterogeneous hybrid parallelism and hierarchical load balancing strategy for efficient training of ERNIE 4.5 models. By using intra-node expert parallelism, memory-efficient pipeline scheduling, FP8 mixed-precision training and finegrained recomputation methods, we achieve remarkable pre-training throughput. For inference, we propose multi-expert parallel collaboration method and convolutional code quantization algorithm to achieve 4-bit/2-bit lossless quantization. Furthermore, we introduce PD disaggregation with dynamic role switching for effective resource utilization to enhance inference performance for ERNIE 4.5 MoE models. Built on PaddlePaddle, ERNIE 4.5 delivers high-performance inference across a wide range of hardware platforms.
Modality-Specific Post-Training: To meet the diverse requirements of real-world applications, we fine-tuned variants of the pre-trained model for specific modalities. Our LLMs are optimized for general-purpose language understanding and generation. The VLMs focuses on visuallanguage understanding and supports both thinking and non-thinking modes. Each model employed a combination of Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) or a modified reinforcement learning method named Unified Preference Optimization (UPO) for post-training.

Model Overview

ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base is a multimodal MoE Base model, with 424B total parameters and 47B activated parameters for each token. The following are the model configuration details:

Table with columns: Key, Value
Key	Value
Modality	Text & Vision
Training Stage	Pretraining
Params(Total / Activated)	424B / 47B
Layers	54
Heads(Q/KV)	64 / 8
Text Experts(Total / Activated)	64 / 8
Vision Experts(Total / Activated)	64 / 8
Context Length	131072

Quickstart

vLLM inference

VLLM>=0.11.2

bash
# 80G * 16 GPU
vllm serve baidu/ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base-PT --tensor-parallel-size 16 --trust-remote-code

License

Citation

If you find ERNIE 4.5 useful or wish to use it in your projects, please kindly cite our technical report:

bibtex
@misc{ernie2025technicalreport,
      title={ERNIE 4.5 Technical Report},
      author={Baidu ERNIE Team},
      year={2025},
      eprint={},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={}
}

ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-Base-PT

README

ERNIE 4.5 Highlights

Model Overview

Quickstart

vLLM inference

License

Citation

Explore FriendliAI today

README

ERNIE 4.5 Highlights

Model Overview

Quickstart

vLLM inference

License

Citation